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- 82,217,000 km²; includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea,
- Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean
- Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies
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- Comparative area: slightly less than nine times the size of the US;
- second-largest of the world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but
- larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean)
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- Coastline: 111,866 km
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- Climate: tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa
- near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can
- occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November
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- Terrain: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark
- Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre
- (broad circular system of currents) in the north Atlantic, counterclockwise
- warm water gyre in the south Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the
- Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic
- basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico Trench
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- Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and
- whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules,
- precious stones
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- Environment: endangered marine species include the manatee, seals,
- sea lions, turtles, and whales; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US,
- southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea,
- Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial
- waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and
- Mediterranean Sea; icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the
- northwestern Atlantic from February to August and have been spotted as far
- south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur
- in the extreme southern Atlantic
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- Note: ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north Atlantic from
- October to May and extreme south Atlantic from May to October persistent
- fog can be a hazard to shipping from May to September; major choke points
- include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez
- Canals; strategic straits include the Dover Strait, Straits of Florida,
- Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; north Atlantic
- shipping lanes subject to icebergs from February to August; the Equator
- divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic
- Ocean
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- █ ≡ Economy ≡ █
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- Overview: Economic activity is limited to exploitation of natural
- resources, especially fish, dredging aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and
- crude oil and natural gas production (Caribbean Sea and North Sea).
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- █ ≡ Communications ≡ █
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- Ports: Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium),
- Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco),
- Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland),
- Hamburg (FRG), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain),
- Le Havre (France), Leningrad (USSR), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK),
- Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy),
- New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway),
- Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands),
- Stockholm (Sweden)
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- Telecommunications: numerous submarine cables with most between
- continental Europe and the UK, North America and the UK, and in the
- Mediterranean; numerous direct links across Atlantic via INTELSAT
- satellite network
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- Note: Kiel Canal and St. Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways